Basically, realism handled in three main categories which are romantic, critical and socialist realism is considered as accepting figures and objects as they act or appear in life and the events as they are. It is needed to say something universal as a result of efforts to criticise the social order and to criticise new methods for it with the help of the development in accordance with the stages of social change. Different approaches apperaing, when the ideas in the work appraised, come closes to politics on the effect of revolutionary romanticism and thesis-antitheis-synthesis ideas so the main purpose is to reflect the facts of society to the work and by this way to reach social reality and to activate man. In this way, the value of art in service of big goals will increase. With a view of the fact that class conflict and exploitation come to a synthesis with moving against the exploitation, while reviewing the poem ‘Şafak Vakti’ by Arif Damar, not only critical and socialist approaches but the effects of elements criticised on the work is also tried to be determined. It should be remembered both that, it is necessery to handle the poem,in wich the effect of economizm is felt, as a product of idea that takes the society to the revolution and that serves for integration and it should be remembered also that it is inevitable for it to be affected by elements in itself.

Mass production developed in conjunction with industrial revolution has revealed a new system that organizations are effective in social life. Individuals has joined in those organizations for the sake of survival and realizing their personal interests in this new system of organizations. On the other hand, some problems have occurred on account of personal interests, interpersonal relations, organizations’ interests and the power of capital owners. Thus, existing of moral elements has become very important in solving these problems and ensuring a healthy community life. As a result of some critical changes arising from new technologies and management approaches in the structure and functioning of organizations, morality has been addressed in different ways in the development period of management science. Especially, after 1990s, organizations had to act in accordance with moral values subsequent to disappearance physical borders among countries and increasing consumer awareness as a result of technological developments. Hence, morality and morality in organization concepts have become one of the most debated topics in management and organization literature. Accordingly to this phenomenon, the aim of this study is to evaluate existence and degree of morality and business ethics in organizations regarding to development of organization theory. In line with the primary aim of the study, morality and business ethics in organizations has been reviewed towards classic, neo-classic and modern organization theories. Then, the effects of personal interests and power of capital owners on morality/business ethics has been analyzed conceptually. Finally, it has been found that morality has become more and more important in organizations within the development of organization theory, whereas personal interests and power of capital owners affect the moral values and behaviours negatively in organizations.

The Ottoman Empire attached great importance to the protection of the border castles and had various classes in military forts in these castles. A part of these classes were genuine Janissaries who got a salary from the state on a quarterly basis and used to be soldiers coming from the “Utilization System”. Also there were permanent Native Janissaries who wanted to benefit from the honour and concession of this class and were obtained from the premises where the castle had been located. While the military situation in the Hasan Castle was put forth, accounting books – a kind of military analysis and called Mevacib – were used and the Native Janissaries, the Military Officers in the Hasan Castle in 18th century were compared with the others in different castles in terms of the population and the income they got.

After Health Transformation Program which was launched in 2003, public hospitals have begun to provide services with private hospitals in the same competitive enviroment. In this case, the valuation of financial performance has become important for public hospitals. The purpose of this study is to discuss applicability of ratio analysis which shows the evaluation of financial performance for public hospitals. In this study is to measure financial performance the 12 public hospitals in Kastamonu during the period 2008-2012. Results of the analysis shows that efficiency ratios of public hospitals which shows the efficiency of asset utilization improved in the 5-year period but profitability ratios of public hospitals, which shows the efficiency of liabilitiy utilization, deteriorated in the sameperiod. Increasing in general management expenses and especially operating expenses negatively affected the performance of liabilitiy management.

In Turkish historiography the aspect of ‘nation’ is closely tied to geography. This is not different with other nations. However, one important aspect is that Turkish historiography implements a western concept of ‘the geographical nation’ while the Turkish culture differs in some ways from the western one. The western civilizations are defined by peasants that mostly stayed on one location which made a geographical form of ‘nation’ much more suitable for them. Turkey is found by nomadic horsemen who were never situated on one location but focused on rapid migration. These migrating Turkish tribes crossed continents, from Asia to Europe and even (North) Africa.Therefore, it is not surprising to see that Turkish historiography had to emphasize and leave out certain parts of its history in order to create a geographical focus with only one region. This was especially the case when the Balkans were left out of major historical events in Turkish historiography and replaced by Anatolian events. The focus on pre-Turkish civilizations in Anatolia, like the Sumerians and Hittites, instead of Turkish tribes in the Balkans (for instance the Peçeneks) seems to fit in this picture. This paper will look into this emphasis and neglect in Turkish historiography.

The increasing tension in geopolitical situation in the region sometimes affected the relations between Aghgoyunlu and Memluk in the positive way and sometimes vice versa in the first half of the 15th century. In the reign of Aghgoyunlu Kara Osman and his sons the relations between two countries were not always good, often changed because of political events. The main place of strugle for political privilage between Aghgoyunlu and Memluk states was South East Anatolia lands. As the result of the strugle for these lands, the form of relations, like that of interests, changed. This strugle for the privilage reinforced in the reign of Long Hasan (1453 - 1478) when Aghgoyunlu state became strong. The relations between Aghgoyunlu and Memluk states fluctuated because of the events of that time. At the same time, the balanced policy of the Ottoman empire in this region affected these interest based relations. In the south east Anatolia Aghgoyunlu and Memluk states sometimes allied against the Ottoman Empire and sometimes their political interesets clashed. .

One of the most important archive sources of Ottoman history is Judicial Records. These documents contain important information about the period and place to which they belong. This study contains records of Shariah between H.1126-1127/M.1714-1715 and Shariah held in Gaziantep which have great importance in terms of Turkish history and culture. Between these dates, Gaziantep’s administrative, social, cultural, economic status in that period were investigated.

Vineyard homes are temporary country houses usually settled in the middle of vineyards together with pergola, hut, home and pool in varying parcel sizes allocated for agricultural activities. In many parts of Anatolia, vineyard homes are used for agricultural production especially during the period when grapes ripen and dried. Also in Gaziantep, as study site, vineyard homes emerged and were mainly used for agricultural activities in past years. However, especially as Gaziantep town started growing rapidly, industry went far beyond agriculture in the region, and a number of well-off people emerged in the city; the way and frequency of using and formal characteristics of vineyard homes started changing in Gaziantep. In that region, such sites were mostly used in the summer when pistachio and grape is harvested till 1990’s. But today they are not only inhabited during summer times but also visited for resting at weekends. In present study, causes and effects of changes of vineyard homes’ functions in Gaziantep are discussed, and emphasis is placed on how settlements acquire different characteristics in parallel with spatial changes occurring in their vicinity. To this end, physical structures of both old and new vineyard homes are compared, and the correlation between increase of such homes in number and the city’s population, social and economic texture is interpreted in numeric terms.

This article aims to analyze the thoughts of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Hilmi Ziya Ülken defining Turkish national identity during the emergence of Turkish national identity in the era of transition period from multi-national Empire to a modern- secular-nation state. At the time of early years of Republic, there were seen different acceptions of contents of national identity. Article focuses on the ideas of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Hilmi Ziya Ülken’s conceptualizations of Turkish identity combining universal modernism and humanism, at the same time supporting local/folk values. Having said that, these two intellectuals suggest that, modern Turkish identity should be derived from Anatolian humanism, which was the real source of humanism. It could be realized through a Turkish Renaissance.

The role of the women in economic and social life is very important in terms of economic development. There are important differences between developed countries and developing countries such as Turkey. The low level involvement of women to employment blocks to their potentials and effects negatively social development. Turkey’s low level of women employment and human development index are parallel with each other. In recent years, the women employment is the biggest trigger of the sector which recruits household personnel and growing more than economic development. Women are more involved economic life because of the immigration to cities and transition from large family to nuclear family style. Also, employed women cause more household with employed persons. The aim of this study is testing the effect of women employment on household with employed persons and economic development. The 2000Q1-2012Q4 data are used in this study and the analysis are completed by using Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests. According to the results, the increasing of the women employment causes the increasing of the household with employed persons and it has a positive effect on economic development.

Abidin Dino, culture, lives, more images and patterns, although a well-known artist in the field of literature, we see that a prolific artist. His Yeditepe collection of short stories The stories in the manner of their publication over the years have been drafted in a very innovative, contemporary authors created a differentiated perception of Istanbul. Yeditepe collection of short stories, Abidin Dino Istanbul "floor" multiples of a reservation and tell a modernist attitude is remarkable. In this study, collection of short stories based on the author's Yeditepe, Istanbul, tell a different belonging were examined and evaluated in a narrative portrait of the author

Purpose of this study is to evaluate Secondary Education Sociology Course Programme by the views of the students. In this context the researchers tried to obtain a reply to the question “What are the students’ views on the achievements of Sociology Course Curriculum?” Descriptive research method is used for the study. As a means for the data collection, a questionnaire of four grade-point Likert type consisting of two parts is used. The first part of the questionnaire is prepared to collect personal information about the students such as: the grade of the class, gender, province/district they live whereas the second part consists of 31 items. The study is held in 2011-2012 autumn academic year. The universe of the study consists of 349 students in provinces of Gaziantep and Kahramanmaraş Normal School, Anatolian High School and High School of Social Studies. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the questionnaire is found to be .929. According to the findings, the students of High School of Social Studies are found to obtain the objectives of sociology curriculum much more effectively than the students of Normal and Anatolian High Schools